Calabrian Bergamot: a Mediterranean treasure of wellness

Bergamot is a rare citrus fruit, almost exclusively grown along the Ionian coast near Reggio Calabria. This small area in Southern Italy produces over 90% of the global supply and is the only region awarded the Protected Designation of Origin (P.D.O.) “Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria – Essential Oil” since 2001.

Recognized for its unique aroma and therapeutic properties, bergamot resembles a lime in shape, with a thin peel rich in fragrant essential oils ranging from green to yellow.

Historical roots and naming

The name “bergamot” may derive from the Turkish term “beg armudi”, meaning “lord’s pear”, rather than the Italian city of Bergamo. Its exact origin is still debated—some believe it’s a hybrid of lemon, bitter orange or lime, possibly originating in China, Spain or the Mediterranean basin.

Culinary and health applications

Used widely in the food industry to flavor tea (like Earl Grey), desserts, seafood dishes, and jams, bergamot is also highly nutritious. It’s packed with vitamin C, vitamin A, B vitamins, flavonoids and naringenin—a compound that helps manage blood sugar and has antioxidant effects.

Flavonoids in bergamot naturally lower LDL (bad cholesterol) and raise HDL (good cholesterol). Clinical research has shown daily bergamot juice consumption reduces triglycerides, blood sugar, and improves heart health without the side effects of synthetic statins.

Beauty and therapeutic benefits

Bergamot essential oil is prized in cosmetics for its anti-aging and purifying effects. It can help with acne, oily skin, hair loss, and improve skin tone. Used in steam inhalation, it provides relief from cold symptoms, sore throat, and congestion.

Precautions

While generally safe, it is advisable to seek medical advice before regular consumption, especially in cases of high blood pressure, asthma or other chronic conditions.